I'm not answering the questions you asked, but even a disconnected
battery will self-discharge. How quickly depends on the
battery chemistry and temperature, but I suggest leaving at least one of your
panels connected (through a charge controller) to keep the
batteries charged.
Of course if you will be using shore-power then you can cover or remove the
panels.
Solar panels do degrade over time (or so I am told), but for what it's worth mine have been out in the sun for fifteen years now with no significant reduction in output.