Ship navigation in Canada's Arctic will change
A new report
[1], from
Environment and Climate Change
Canada (ECCC), is shedding insights on what
marine navigability could look like, if our previously frozen Arctic opens up, a consequence of human-induced climate change taking a toll on this part of the planet, at a greater rate than anywhere else [2].
The new report points to a more accessible Arctic, that will affect
trade and transportation, for sure. Other specific topics include maritime disaster preparedness,
food security, and economic development.
According to the study, between 2010–2019, average atmospheric temperatures were 1.1°C warmer than temperatures from 1850–1900 so the study’s projections of a 2°C warmer world could mean the
Beaufort Sea would be navigable for up to 200 days during the year.
The study also says that there is even the chance that temperatures could rise 4°C above the pre-industrial baseline. This would make the Arctic significantly more accessible to
marine vessels, exacerbating many of the forecasted issues.
There are both positive and negative impacts to consider, and all of these consequences need to be discussed, because climate models are indicating that sea ice in the Canadian Arctic is rapidly declining—actually, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as we first thought.
[2, 3, & 4]
For example,
shipping companies will gain from open waters, particularly if they’re willing to take more risks. Increased waterways could provide routes to resupply northern Canadian communities too, and if this happens more than once a year, it has significant implications on local
health outcomes, and reduces emissions, since marine transportation can have a lower carbon footprint than air shipments. And, as economic development is concerned, a region like Tuktoyaktuk could become a busier
trade and transportation corridor, which would require the construction of new
interior roads.
Notwithstanding, the negative effects are the most salient. In their report, the ECCC draws attention to increased pollution, that will alter ecosystems, and they also comment on how physical changes to the
environment will pose new challenges for coastal communities, as shifting
wind and wave conditions affect infrastructure development in this already harsh environment.
The Canada’s Changing Climate Report
[2] states that since 1948 annual average temperatures in
Canada have increased by 1.7°C and 2.3°C in Northern Canada, whereas the average global temperature on Earth has increased by approximately 0.8°C since 1880 according to NASA.
"Previous calculations of sea ice thickness are based on a snow map last updated 20 years ago," Robbie Mallett, the lead author of a study
[3] from the University College London, said in a UCL press release
[4].
"Because sea ice has begun forming later and later in the year, the snow on top has less time to accumulate. Our calculations account for this declining snow depth for the first time, and suggest the sea ice is thinning faster than we thought."
[1] “Impact of 1, 2 and 4 °C of global warming on ship navigation in the Canadian Arctic” ~ by Lawrence R. Mudryk et al
➥
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01087-6
[2] “National Issues Report” ~ June 2021
➥
https://changingclimate.ca/national-issues/
[3] “Faster decline and higher variability in the sea ice thickness of the marginal Arctic seas when accounting for dynamic snow cover” ~ by Robbie D. C. Mallett et al
➥
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/2429/2021/
[4] “Arctic sea ice thinning faster than expected” ~ 4 June 2021
➥
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2021/jun/...aster-expected