Some engines and gensets have sensors in the exhaust. In class 8 semi-trucks these sensors are called pyrometers, truckers pulling the mountains with the pedal to the medal have to
monitor their exhaust temp or risk a meltdown. In
boats the
sensor monitors the temperature of the mixing
elbow and will shutdown the
engine prior to a meltdown of the exhaust hose. The engine has overheat sensors in it's
cooling system as well which may indicate problems with
raw water flow in heat exchangers. So to answer your question although their are no per gallon meters there are sufficient safeguards to protect your system. The trick is interpeting what your engine tells you and developing diagnostic skills. As to the H2O maker, most come with an inlet pressure guage, that provides you with information on the condition of your pre-high pressure
pump filters. There is also a
sensor that should the seacock be blocked (think plastic grocery bag) it immeaditly shuts down , saving your
pump or pumps from running dry. One of the best tools I have found is a small hand held laser (red dot on where you want a reading) temp sensor. These can be purchased at most auto stores and are
cheap. I took a magic marker and put dots on my engines as reference points so I would be "reading" the same spot . I then made a chart of all points and
record the temps and dates when I take my readings. This enables me to notice small changes over time, that I might miss. Of course a big change (like in a mixing elbow, or the rear bearing of the transmission)gets my attention fast.