Man, what a mess! An insult to those of us who design and fabricate our own
parts, and even sometimes while standing in the garage. You've even got mild
steel exposed to seawater, and on a critical part. It looks like it was repaired and then repaired over the first
repair when the original
repair wasn't strong enough. You are right in starting over.
Assuming no one steps forward with the original design or a
parts source:
You can use properly sized commercial fittings or design your own.
If you design your own, start with a solid ss shaft and new bearings. Have a professional weld on two parallel flanges for the rudder itself, or weld on a ss rudder, your choice. My
steel rudder is both - welded to a 2" shaft, and welded to straps that surround the shaft. Make it bullet proof - your
safety depends on this thing.
At the top, where you can see it if something is weakening, through bolt two flanges for the tiller. Big flanges. Through bolt the tiller in several places.
You need to bolt the top rather than weld it, or you'll have to cut the shaft to remove it sometime in the future.
Whatever your choices, start by stripping out everything, seeing the weak places, and building something stronger. Can you imagine having that thing come apart in a seaway?