Diodes allow electrons to flow in only one direction. They are made by bonding specially mixed dielectrics together.
A dielectric is a manmade material that is a poor conductor, typically made by mixing an insulating material with a special conductor to get special properties. The diode has the dielectric on one side mixed with material that tends to miss electrons (wants more electrons in the outer shell of some of the molecules), while the other side is mixed with material that would prefer to lose some of its outer shell electrons.
When thes two materials get together, the boundary layer of electrons tends to allow electrons in a
current to flow in one direction but not in the other.
Wow, I got to use that ham
radio education after all!!!
In your case, it is possible the diode is being used to ensure that the
power that goes towards the
batteries cannot come back to dissipate the energy or hurt the circuits in the unit. However, I also suspect that there are a lot of places in a
wind generator's control circuitry that could use diodes to make it
work properly, so I should stick to the little I know.
Light-emitting diodes or LEDs are the same, but with special dielectrics that result in the creation of bright light of a particular wavelength. There, I am empty.
Thanks for the opportunity - hope I am still getting a passing grade.