Given the choice that you have given, it might surprise you that I would choose "Danforth" (high tensil) but I would carry a
minimum of 3.
I would never put down less than 2 for an overnight stay.
The best
hurricane mooring that I have ever seen was 3 Danforths, put out in a "Y" layout. All 3 anchors attached to the bottom of a large (hi-tensil) swivel with equal lengths of 1/2" chain, 30' (or one
water depth length) of chain with a nylon
rode attached to that.
IMHO, the high tensil Danforth is your best
holding choice in
most conditions. Having said that, there are a LOT of drawbacks to the fluke type anchor. They fowl easily and seldom reset in wind/current shifts (thus the minimum of 2).
I wouldn't carry a CQR on my boat. I have had sooooooo many
boats, all over the world, drag into me in the middle of the night. In every case, they were on a CQR. They make good plows but terrible anchors IMO. They
work fine until the
wind blows.
Now, if you are talking about leaving port with only
ONE anchor of your choice, I would choose not to leave port. I have seen too many
boats on the rocks from parted anchor roads. I have had to cut away anchors for different reasons. If you ever anchor in
American Samoa (and many other
commercial ports), you can almost count on losing an anchor.
I doubt that you will find a circumnavigator that hasn't
lost an anchor or 4 (unless they stay in a heck of a lot of marinas). In 80,000 miles of cruising, I seldom stayed in
marinas. You can buy a lot of ground tackle for the cost of staying in
marinas.
BTW, I seldom used a Danforth unless I was anchored in a tidle area or was on My
Delta and felt like I needed back-up for bad conditions. The I would put 1 upstream and one downstream. I carried 1 40#? Danforth and 1 28#?
Fortress. My bow anchors were a 55#
Delta and a
Fortress. The Delta did 80% of my
anchoring. They are very hard to set in mud but once you get the hang of setting it, it's in and won't come out easily.
Your ground tackle is the one most important thing on any vessel.